Trade-offs of wastewater irrigation
Qadir, Manzoor and Scott, Christopher A., "Trade-offs of wastewater irrigation" in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2022), 1-11.
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http://dx.doi.org/1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00018-5 Full text from publisher -
Author Qadir, Manzoor
Scott, Christopher A.Chapter Title Trade-offs of wastewater irrigation Book Title Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment Publication Date 2022-02-18 Place of Publication Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher Elsevier Start page 1 End page 11 Language eng Abstract Most governments in developing countries do not invest enough to treat wastewater, therefore, the farmers use untreated wastewater for irrigation. The positive aspects of such irrigation are a reliable and year-round water source, little or no spending on fertilizer, less pumping cost than with groundwater, an increase in soil organic matter, and greater income from market-ready crops. The negative risks include imbalanced nutrient addition, salinity, metal ion contamination, emerging contaminants, and potential exposure of farmers and consumers to pathogens and contaminants. Balancing these tradeoffs requires ensuring positive outcomes while minimizing risks through wastewater treatment and use compatible with its quality. Keyword COVID-19Emerging contaminantsFertilizer useMetal ionsMetalloidsPathogensPlant nutrientsSalinitySewage waterSoil organic matterViruses Copyright Holder Elsevier Ltd. Copyright Year 2022 Copyright type All rights reserved DOI 1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00018-5 -
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