Do Differences in Social Environments Explain Gender Differences in Recreational Walking across Neighbourhoods?
Ghani, Fatima, Rachele, Jerome N., Loh, Venurs H. Y., Washington, Simon and Turrell, Gavin, (2019). Do Differences in Social Environments Explain Gender Differences in Recreational Walking across Neighbourhoods?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 1-18
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Sub-type Journal article Author Ghani, Fatima
Rachele, Jerome N.
Loh, Venurs H. Y.
Washington, Simon
Turrell, GavinTitle Do Differences in Social Environments Explain Gender Differences in Recreational Walking across Neighbourhoods? Appearing in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 16 Issue No. 11 Publication Date 2019-06-04 Place of Publication Basel, Switzerland Publisher MDPI Start page 1 End page 18 Language eng Abstract Within a city, gender differences in walking for recreation (WfR) vary significantly across neighborhoods, although the reasons remain unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the contribution of the social environment (SE) to explaining such variation, using 2009 data from the How Areas in Brisbane Influence health and activity (HABITAT) study, including 7866 residents aged 42–67 years within 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia (72.6% response rate). The analytical sample comprised 200 neighborhoods and 6643 participants (mean 33 per neighborhood, range 8–99, 95% CI 30.6–35.8). Self-reported weekly minutes of WfR were categorized into 0 and 1–840 mins. The SE was conceptualized through neighborhood-level perceptions of social cohesion, incivilities and safety from crime. Analyses included multilevel binomial logistic regression with gender as main predictor, adjusting for age, socioeconomic position, residential self-selection and neighborhood disadvantage. On average, women walked more for recreation than men prior to adjustment for excoriates. Gender differences in WfR varied significantly across neighborhoods, and the magnitude of the variation for women was twice that of men. The SE did not explain neighborhood differences in the gender–WfR relationship, nor the between-neighborhood variation in WfR for men or women. Neighborhood-level factors seem to influence the WfR of men and women differently, with women being more sensitive to their environment, although Brisbane’s SE did not seem such a factor. Keyword gender equality
recreational walking
social environment
between-neighbourhood variation
multilevel modelling
random coefficients
urban planning
ecological interventions
Sustainable Development Goals
sustainable cities
Sustainable communitiesCopyright Holder The Authors Copyright Year 2019 Copyright type Creative commons DOI 10.3390/ijerph16111980 -
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