Analysis of the climate change impact on water availability and the links between water pollution and economy for sustainable water resource management in Kaski District, Nepal

Chapagain, Saroj, Aryal, Anil, Mohan, Geetha, Shrestha, Sadhana, Mishra, Binaya K. and Fukushi, Kensuke, (2022). Analysis of the climate change impact on water availability and the links between water pollution and economy for sustainable water resource management in Kaski District, Nepal. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(8), 3030-3045

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  • Sub-type Journal article
    Author Chapagain, Saroj
    Aryal, Anil
    Mohan, Geetha
    Shrestha, Sadhana
    Mishra, Binaya K.
    Fukushi, Kensuke
    Title Analysis of the climate change impact on water availability and the links between water pollution and economy for sustainable water resource management in Kaski District, Nepal
    Appearing in Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Volume 13
    Issue No. 8
    Publication Date 2022-07-08
    Place of Publication London
    Publisher IWA Publishing
    Start page 3030
    End page 3045
    Language eng
    Abstract The newly enacted national water policy is envisioned as ensuring water sustainability in Nepal. Despite theoretical pertinence, questions remain about the effective implementation due to limited studies on key aspects of sustainability, such as water supply and demand, pollution, and impacts of climate change and socio-economic growth. This study analyses the current and future availability of water under climate change scenarios and determines water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) as the maximum socio-economic growth that can be supported in a case study on the Kaski District, Nepal. Annual average water availability was estimated to be 11,030.7 million cubic meters (MCM) for the baseline period (1992–2010), and 7,677.4 and 7,674.2 MCM for the future period (2022–2050) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. For the baseline period, WRCC far exceeds the current population; therefore, water resources will not be a limiting factor for local socio-economic development. Nevertheless, sustainable water infrastructure development policies are necessary to ensure a reliable water supply able to cope with increasing seasonal variability and declining future water availability. A total of 30,049 tons of biological oxygen demand (BOD) loads were estimated based on the economic activities of the Kaski District in 2011, with the direct and indirect sectoral roles of water pollution determined for the first time. Rather than a single pollution control strategy based on pollution loads, multiple sector-specific strategies are necessary to effectively implement water pollution control policies.
    UNBIS Thesaurus WATER POLLUTION
    WATER POLICY
    Keyword Environmentally extended input–output (EEIO)
    Polluter pay
    Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC)
    Copyright Holder The Authors
    Copyright Year 2022
    Copyright type Creative commons
    DOI https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.105
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    Created: Mon, 15 Aug 2022, 15:20:15 JST by Hanna Takemoto on behalf of UNU IAS