Rainwater chemistry of acid precipitation occurrences due to long-range transboundary haze pollution and prolonged drought events during southwest monsoon season: climate change driven

Payus, Carolyn, Jikilim, Celine and Sentian, Justin, (2020). Rainwater chemistry of acid precipitation occurrences due to long-range transboundary haze pollution and prolonged drought events during southwest monsoon season: climate change driven. Heliyon, 6(9), 1-7

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  • Sub-type Journal article
    Author Payus, Carolyn
    Jikilim, Celine
    Sentian, Justin
    Title Rainwater chemistry of acid precipitation occurrences due to long-range transboundary haze pollution and prolonged drought events during southwest monsoon season: climate change driven
    Appearing in Heliyon
    Volume 6
    Issue No. 9
    Publication Date 2020-09-21
    Place of Publication Online
    Publisher Elsevier Ltd.
    Start page 1
    End page 7
    Language eng
    Abstract The purposes of this research were to study the characteristics chemistry of pH, anions and cations in rainwater, and to identify the possible sources that contributing to the acid precipitation during southwest monsoon season with occurrence of extreme drought event. During the southwest monsoon season, it normally occurs along with haze phenomenon that every year will hit Southeast Asia. This condition will aggravate with high acidic particles in the atmosphere due to the prolonged drought. The analysed parameters which involved pH, anions (NO3-, SO42- and Cl−) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) were analysed using pH meter, Hach DR 2800, argentometric method and ICP-OES. From the findings, it showed that acid rain occurred during the southwest monsoon season with the range of pH values from 4.95 ± 0.13 to 6.40 ± 0.03 and the total average of pH 5.71 ± 0.32. Anions NO3-, SO42- and Cl− were found to be the dominant compositions of the acid rain occurrences with higher concentrations detected. In overall, rural area recorded with higher acidity of precipitation at total average of pH 5.54 ± 0.39 compared to urban area at pH 5.77 ± 0.26. Rural area surprisingly recorded higher frequency occurrences of acid rain with pH lesser than 5.6 and below compared to urban area. As for public health and safety, all rainwater samples during the acid rain event were found exceeded the allowable limits of NWQS and WHO standards, that shown not suitable for skin contact, recreational purposes even for drinking purposes.
    Keyword Environmental science
    Atmospheric science
    Climatology
    Environmental analysis
    Environmental assessment
    Environmental impact assessment
    Environmental management
    Environmental pollution
    Acid rain
    Precipitation
    Atmospheric chemistry
    Southwest monsoon
    Drought
    Haze
    Climate change
    Copyright Holder The Authors
    Copyright Year 2020
    Copyright type Creative commons
    ISSN 24058440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04997
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    Created: Fri, 06 Nov 2020, 13:32:43 JST by Rachel Nunn on behalf of UNU IAS